Which of the following is NOT a component of the moral development model for principled-centered leaders?

• A. Moral knowing
• B. Moral acting
• C. Moral choosing
• D. Moral valuing

Answer: (C)

The core idea here is that principled-centered leadership develops through three interrelated processes: knowing, valuing, and acting. Moral knowing is about recognizing what is right and understanding relevant ethical principles. Moral valuing involves placing those principles high enough to reflect them in one’s commitments and identity. Moral acting is the behavioral expression of those commitments, carried out in real situations.

Moral choosing isn’t treated as a separate component in this model because the act of choosing is seen as part of how judgment and commitment unfold. When a leader encounters a dilemma, they use moral knowledge to judge options, their values to prioritize the right course, and then translate that into action. The choosing happens within the judgment and valuing stages and culminates in moral acting, rather than existing as its own distinct element.

So, the item that does not belong is moral choosing.